Staff members
past and present

"D'you think we've got nothing better to do in Potions than listen to Snape?"
     -- Ron Weasley

Q: Have any of the Hogwarts professors had spouses?
JKR: Good question - yes, a few of them but that information is sort of restricted - you'll find out why. (CR)

At Hogwarts, a staff of about fourteen teachers apparently handles classes for hundreds of students. Any way you look at it, that's a lot of classes for a few staff members. There are exactly the same number of female as male staff members at Hogwarts (or there were, as of the 1994- 1995 [Y14 - Y15] school year).

Babbling, Bathsheba (uncertain, *)
Ancient Runes

Binns
wizard, the only ghost teacher
History of Magic

Burbage, Charity
Muggle Studies (until July, 1997 [Y17])

Carrow, Alecto
Muggle Studies (from August, 1997 [Y17])

Carrow, Amycus
Defence Against the Dark Arts (as the Dark Arts) (from August, 1997 [Y17])

Dumbledore, Albus Percival Wulfric Brian
Headmaster (c.1970 - June 1997 [Y17])
Transfiguration c.1940s

Filch, Argus
caretaker

Firenze
Divination
On staff since 1996 [Y16], the only centaur teacher

Flitwick, Filius
Charms
Head of Ravenclaw House

Grubbly-Plank, Wilhelmina
temporary - Care of Magical Creatures (January, 1995 [Y15]; September-October 1995 [Y15])

Hagrid, Rubeus
Care of Magical Creatures (September 1993 [Y13]-present)
Keeper of the Keys and Grounds

Hooch, Madam
Flying teacher, Quidditch referee

Kettleburn (wizard)
Care of Magical Creatures
through spring 1993 [Y13], when he decided to retire and spend time with his remaining limbs

Lockhart, Gilderoy
Defence Against the Dark Arts
1992- 1993 [Y12 - Y13]

Longbottom, Neville
Herbology
? - 2017 (DH/e)

Lupin, Remus
Defence Against the Dark Arts
1993- 1994 [Y13 - Y14]

McGonagall, Minerva
Transfiguration
Deputy Headmistress
Head of Gryffindor House
On staff since December of 1956 (OP)

Moody, Alastor "Mad-Eye"
Defence Against the Dark Arts
1994- 1995 [Y14 - Y15].
The real Alastor "Mad-Eye" Moody did not serve on staff, although this was not discovered until June, 1995 [Y15]. The teacher everyone thought was Moody was actually Barty Crouch Jr. in disguise. Still, the real Mad-Eye is counted as a spectacular example of the supposed jinx on the Defence Against the Dark Arts job.

Pince, Irma
librarian

Pomfrey, Poppy
School nurse

Quirrell, Quirenius
Defence Against the Dark Arts
before 1990 - 1991 [Y10 - Y11], 1991 - 1992 [Y11 - Y12].

Sinistra (witch)
Astronomy

Slughorn, Horace
Potions
Head of Slytherin house
c. 1930 - 1980, 1996-97

Snape, Severus
Potions 1980-June 1996, Defence Against the Dark Arts 1996-97, left June 1997, Headmaster 1997-1998
Head of Slytherin House
On staff since 1981 (or very late 1980) until summer 1997, became Headmaster 1997-1998

Sprout, Pomona
Herbology
Head of Hufflepuff House

Trelawney, Sibyll
Divination
On staff since late 1979 or early 1980

Umbridge, Dolores Jane
Defence Against the Dark Arts (1995-6)

Vector (witch)
Arithmancy

unknown teacher for Ancient Runes

former staff members
Black, Phineas Nigellus - (headmaster, c. 1800s?)
Derwent, Dilys - headmistress, 1741 - 1768 (OP22)
Dippet, Armando - Headmaster c. 1940
Everard - former, celebrated headmaster, dates unknown (OP21)
Fortescue, Dexter - former headmaster, dates unknown (OP21, DH36)
Merrythought - Defence Against the Dark Arts c. 1940s (HBP23)
Ogg - Groundskeeper (Molly Weasley's era)
Pringle, Apollyon - caretaker (Molly Weasley's era)

see also: academics

Notes on the ratio of male to female staff members at Hogwarts:
(Thanks to Tennant Stuart whose excellent post on alt.fan.harry-potter was a great help)

Rowling stated (CBC):

(I)n fact, if you look at the Hogwarts' staff - I had this discussion with someone the other day - it is exactly 50/50. Although it is true that you do have a headmaster as opposed to a headmistress, but that has not always been the case. As you will find out, there have been equal numbers of headmistresses.

Since Professor Sinistra is a witch, it works out like this...

TEACHING STAFF ONLY

* Unknown teacher for Ancient Runes, who according to Rowling's notes is a witch. This throws the numbers off; to balance, that teacher would have been expected to be male, not female.

If Hooch is not considered staff, we could add Grubbly-Plank to the female column to help make it work out. The ratio changed when Umbridge became Defence Against the Dark Arts professor in OP - but only until Dumbledore brought in Firenze after the sacking of Trelawney.